Focus on getting students to recognize simple words and phrases in written English.

Types of materials: Texts with pictures, heavily contextualized information
 

Focus on extracting main ideas and finding specific information in learner-oriented texts.

Types of materials: Articles and books designed especially for non-native readers
   

Focus on drawing conclusions, making inferences and outlining ideas in a variety of texts.

Types of materials: Items of general interest in a variety of formats
   

Focus on understanding of author's intent, including tone, irony, and nuance.

Types of materials: Literature and highly specialized texts